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"Longitudinal studies"
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Triumphs of Experience
At a time when people are living into their tenth decade, the longest longitudinal study of human development ever undertaken offers welcome news for old age: our lives evolve in our later years and often become more fulfilling. Among the surprising findings: people who do well in old age did not necessarily do so well in midlife, and vice versa.
eBook
Developmental Influences on Adult Intelligence
This book lays out the reasons why we should study cognitive development in adulthood, and presents the history, latest data, and results from the Seattle Longitudinal Study (SLS), which now extends to over forty-five years. The SLS is organized around five questions: does intelligence change uniformly throughout adulthood, or are there different life-course-ability patterns? At what age and at what magnitude can decrement in ability be reliably detected? What are the patterns and magnitude of generational differences? What accounts for individual differences in age-related change in adulthood? Can the intellectual decline that increases with age be reversed by educational intervention? Based on work on the SLS, this book presents a conceptual model. The model represents this book's author's view on the factors that influence cognitive development throughout the human lifespan, and provides a rationale for the various influences that have been investigated — genetic factors, early and current family environment, life styles, the experience of chronic disease, and various personality attributes. The data in this volume include the 1998 longitudinal cycle of the SLS. In light of both new data and revised analyses, psychometric and neuropsychological assessments have been linked in long-term data to aid in the early identification of risk for dementia in later life. The book also presents new data and concludes on the impact of personality on cognition. It includes correlation matrices and web-access information for select data sets.
eBook
Family futures : childhood and poverty in urban neighbourhoods
Family futures is about family life in areas of concentrated poverty and social problems where surrounding conditions make bringing up children more difficult and family life is more fraught and limited. This book is based on a longitudinal study of more than 200 families interviewed annually over the last decade. It answers three important questions in the works of families themselves: What challenges face families in poor areas? How are the challenges being met? Have government efforts helped or hindered progress over the past decade?--From cover, [p]. 4.
Book
Making modern lives
Making Modern Lives looks at how young people shape their lives as they move through their secondary school years and into the world beyond. It explores how they develop dispositions, attitudes, identities, and orientations in modern society. Based on an eight-year study consisting of more than 350 in- depth interviews with young Australians from diverse backgrounds, the book reveals the effects of schooling and of local school cultures on young people's choices, future plans, political values, friendships, and attitudes toward school, work, and sense of self. Making Modern Lives uncovers who young people are today, what type of identities and inequalities are being formed and reformed, and what processes and politics are at work in relation to gender, class, race, and the framing of vocational futures.
eBook
Models for intensive longitudinal data
Rapid technological advances in devices used for data collection have led to the emergence of a new class of longitudinal data: intensive longitudinal data (ILD). Behavioral scientific studies now frequently utilize handheld computers, beepers, web interfaces, and other technological tools for collecting many more data points over time than previously possible. Other protocols, such as those used in fMRI and monitoring of public safety, also produce ILD, hence the statistical models in this volume are applicable to a range of data. The volume features state-of-the-art statistical modeling strategies developed by leading statisticians and methodologists working on ILD in conjunction with behavioral scientists. Chapters present applications from across the behavioral and health sciences, including coverage of substantive topics such as stress, smoking cessation, alcohol use, traffic patterns, educational performance and intimacy. Models for Intensive Longitudinal Data (MILD) is designed for those who want to learn about advanced statistical models for intensive longitudinal data and for those with an interest in selecting and applying a given model. The chapters highlight issues of general concern in modeling these kinds of data, such as a focus on regulatory systems, issues of curve registration, variable frequency and spacing of measurements, complex multivariate patterns of change, and multiple independent series. The extraordinary breadth of coverage makes this an indispensable reference for principal investigators designing new studies that will introduce ILD, applied statisticians working on related models, and methodologists, graduate students, and applied analysts working in a range of fields. (DIPF/Orig.).
eBook
The Long Shadow of Temperament
We have seen these children--the shy and the sociable, the cautious
and the daring--and wondered what makes one avoid new experience
and another avidly pursue it. At the crux of the issue surrounding
the contribution of nature to development is the study that Jerome
Kagan and his colleagues have been conducting for more than two
decades. In The Long Shadow of Temperament , Kagan and
Nancy Snidman summarize the results of this unique inquiry into
human temperaments, one of the best-known longitudinal studies in
developmental psychology. These results reveal how deeply certain
fundamental temperamental biases can be preserved over development.
Identifying two extreme temperamental types--inhibited and
uninhibited in childhood, and high-reactive and low-reactive in
very young babies--Kagan and his colleagues returned to these
children as adolescents. Surprisingly, one of the temperaments
revealed in infancy predicted a cautious, fearful personality in
early childhood and a dour mood in adolescence. The other bias
predicted a bold childhood personality and an exuberant, sanguine
mood in adolescence. These personalities were matched by different
biological properties. In a masterly summary of their wide-ranging
exploration, Kagan and Snidman conclude that these two temperaments
are the result of inherited biologies probably rooted in the
differential excitability of particular brain structures. Though
the authors appreciate that temperamental tendencies can be
modified by experience, this compelling work--an empirical and
conceptual tour-de-force--shows how long the shadow of temperament
is cast over psychological development.
eBook